Taxonomy Notes
- Taxonomy: The science of classifying organisms.
- The system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus who used Greek and Latin names for the organisms.
- Linnaeus created a system where we place all organisms into a few large groups - kingdoms - and those groups are further divided.
- Groups: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- A great way to remember is: King Philip Came Over For Great Soup.
- The scientific name is always the genus + the species.
- Ex: Humans: Homosapiens
Kingdom:
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
|
Animalia:
Chordata
Mammalia
Primate
Hominidae
Homo
Sapiens
|
- The system is called binomial nomenclature which means it is a 2 name system.
- Scientific names must either be underlined or italicized.
- The genus is always capitalized and the species lower-cased.
- It can be abbreviated. Ex: F. leo and F. tigris
- Species - An organism that can interbreed with one another and produce fertile off-springs.
- Hybrid: When two organisms of different species interbreed.
- Classification into a kingdom is based on certain criteria number of cells, how it obtains energy, type of cell.
- Kingdom Animalia: Multicelluar, hetorotrophic, most can move. Ex: birds, insects, worms, and mammals.
- Kingdom Plantae: Multicelluar, autotrophic, and eukaryotic cannot move (due to cell walls).
- Kingdom Fungae: Multicelluar (most), heterotophic (mainly decomposers(, and eukaryotic.
- Kingdom Protista: Most are unicelluar, can be hetorotrophic or autotrophic, and eukaryotes (all have nucleus), most live in water. Ex: ameba and paramecium.
- Kingdom Eubacteria + Kingdom Archaebacteria: Unicelluar, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic, and prokaryotes (don't have nucleus). Eubacteria, common bacteria, Archae bacteria = ancient, "in ectreme environments."