Chapter 13: Life in the Ocean Study Guide
1. The variety in the ecosystem or habitat. The four elements are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
2. Photosynthesis is a process using the energy of the sunlight.
3. Process of the flow of energy: Sun > producers > consumers > space.
~ The main storage molecule in animals are carbohydrates.
4. Chemosynthesis is using chemicals instead of sunlight. The energy source is hydrogen sulfide (chemicals instead of sunlight).
5. Primary productivity is a measure of how many plants are on the surface.
6. Discuss what you see on the map of productivity: There are lots of productivity along the coast-line.
~ The productivity higher near the coast have more nutrients.
~ The currents bringing the nutrients, so there are more productivity near the poles.
~ Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food. (producers)
~ Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
~ Trophic pyramid: model that describes who eats whom.
~ Primary Consumers: These organisms eat producers.
~ Secondary Consumers: Eats primary consumers.
~ Top consumers: Eat multiple things.
7. The arrows show the direction of the energy flow.
8. The atoms and molecules that cycle in bio-geochemical cycles are: carbons, nitrogen, phosphorus+silicon, amd iron + trace metals.
12. Limiting factor is a factor found in the environment that can be harmful, if presents in quantities that are too large or too small.
13. The most important physical factors for marine organisms are: light, gasses, temperature, acid base balance, salinity, hydro static pressure, and nutrients.
14. Biologic factors that affect ocean organisms are: feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic waters, and defensive territory.
15. Define the zones:
~ Euphotic: Near the surface, where all the productivity happens.
~ Disphotic: Below the euphotic zone, only vision.
~ Aphotic: No light, needs chemosynthesis.
16. Define the following:
~ Diffusion: Mixing due to random molecular movements.
~ Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a membrane.
~ Active Transport: The transport of a substance against a concentration gradient. (Requires energy input.)
18. The major zones are of the ocean are light zones, habitat zones, and lifestyle zones.
19. Natural selection is the idea of the environment favoring well-adapted individuals. These traits are passed down during reproduction.
20. Carolus Linnaeus was a scientist and was the first to study classification.
21. Taxonomy: The study of biological classification.
22. The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
~ Light Zone: The zone whee an amount of light reaching through seawater and down to the ocean floor exerts an enormous influence on the nature and abundance of sea-life.
~Habitat Zone: The zone where two primary divisions are the pelagic zone (water zone), and the benthic zone (bottom zone). Different habitat zones offers different challenges and opportunities.
~ Lifestyle Zone: The zone where plants and animals falls into just four groups.
2. Photosynthesis is a process using the energy of the sunlight.
3. Process of the flow of energy: Sun > producers > consumers > space.
~ The main storage molecule in animals are carbohydrates.
4. Chemosynthesis is using chemicals instead of sunlight. The energy source is hydrogen sulfide (chemicals instead of sunlight).
5. Primary productivity is a measure of how many plants are on the surface.
6. Discuss what you see on the map of productivity: There are lots of productivity along the coast-line.
~ The productivity higher near the coast have more nutrients.
~ The currents bringing the nutrients, so there are more productivity near the poles.
~ Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food. (producers)
~ Heterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
~ Trophic pyramid: model that describes who eats whom.
~ Primary Consumers: These organisms eat producers.
~ Secondary Consumers: Eats primary consumers.
~ Top consumers: Eat multiple things.
7. The arrows show the direction of the energy flow.
8. The atoms and molecules that cycle in bio-geochemical cycles are: carbons, nitrogen, phosphorus+silicon, amd iron + trace metals.
12. Limiting factor is a factor found in the environment that can be harmful, if presents in quantities that are too large or too small.
13. The most important physical factors for marine organisms are: light, gasses, temperature, acid base balance, salinity, hydro static pressure, and nutrients.
14. Biologic factors that affect ocean organisms are: feeding relationships, crowding, metabolic waters, and defensive territory.
15. Define the zones:
~ Euphotic: Near the surface, where all the productivity happens.
~ Disphotic: Below the euphotic zone, only vision.
~ Aphotic: No light, needs chemosynthesis.
16. Define the following:
~ Diffusion: Mixing due to random molecular movements.
~ Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a membrane.
~ Active Transport: The transport of a substance against a concentration gradient. (Requires energy input.)
18. The major zones are of the ocean are light zones, habitat zones, and lifestyle zones.
19. Natural selection is the idea of the environment favoring well-adapted individuals. These traits are passed down during reproduction.
20. Carolus Linnaeus was a scientist and was the first to study classification.
21. Taxonomy: The study of biological classification.
22. The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
~ Light Zone: The zone whee an amount of light reaching through seawater and down to the ocean floor exerts an enormous influence on the nature and abundance of sea-life.
~Habitat Zone: The zone where two primary divisions are the pelagic zone (water zone), and the benthic zone (bottom zone). Different habitat zones offers different challenges and opportunities.
~ Lifestyle Zone: The zone where plants and animals falls into just four groups.
For Questions 9-11 Diagrams:
Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorus Cycle